Oral evidence refers to statements made by witnesses, while documentary evidence includes any matter expressed on a substance, such as writing, photos, or maps.
The (QSO) is the foundational law of evidence in Pakistan, governing how facts are proved in courts and which types of evidence are admissible. It replaced the Evidence Act of 1872 to align legal proceedings with Islamic injunctions as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. qanoon e shahadat in urdu pdf
– Defines which party is responsible for proving a particular fact. Oral evidence refers to statements made by witnesses,
The primary principle is that the person who asserts a fact must prove it. – Defines which party is responsible for proving
In some cases, the law specifies the number of witnesses required to prove a fact based on Islamic principles.
Generally, all persons are competent to testify unless they are prevented from understanding questions or giving rational answers due to age, extreme old age, or disease.
– Determines what information can be presented to the court.