Precise patient positioning is required to eliminate "substitution" or compensatory movements from other muscles during a test. The Kendall Muscle Grading System
Full ROM against gravity but cannot tolerate added resistance. Full ROM only when gravity is eliminated. Trace (1) Palpable contraction but no visible joint movement. Zero (0) No palpable or visible contraction. Key Clinical Tests -I Muscoli Funzioni E Test Kendall pdf-
The manual details hundreds of tests, but some are fundamental to daily clinical practice: -I Muscoli Funzioni E Test Kendall pdf-